The Allelic frequency of five morphogenetic traits among students of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria

The study aims to determine the allele and genotypic frequencies of five Morphogenetic traits and its association among male and female students within the faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. The study also aims to determine whether the population is in Hardy-Weinberg's Equilibrium. The Five morphogenetic traits, tongue rolling, cheek dimples, earlobe attachment, tongue folding and chin cleft were analysed by sampling 1000 randomly selected students from the faculty of life sciences. Association studies between traits were carried out using Chi-square test of independence at significance level of 0.05. The results revealed that a total of 56.2% were able to roll their tongues (11.4% homozygous dominant and 44.7% heterozygous dominant). 19.8% had facial dimples (1.1% homozygous dominant and 18.7 % heterozygous dominant).  For free lobe attachment, (55.2% had unattached or free while 43.3% were homozygous recessive. About 21.2% of our sampled population had chin cleft (1.3% homozygous dominant, 19.9% heterozygous dominant). The results revealed that 73.5% had tongue rolling ability (23.7% homozygous dominant and 49.9% heterozygous dominant), while 26.3% were homozygous recessive. 
The analysis also revealed that the population was not in Hardy-Weinberg's Equilibrium. Association between the traits and gender revealed that there were significant association between tongue rolling (X²= 4.72, df= 1, p-value= 0.0298), cheek dimples (X²= 6.56, df= 1, p-value=0.0104), and earlobe attachment (X²= 10.81, df=1, p-value= 0.0010) and gender. Tongue folding (X²= 1.20, df= 1, p-value= 0.2742) and Chin cleft (X²= 21.93, df= 1, p-value= 2.83), p > 0.05 showed no association with gender.