Differential response of antioxidant defense system of In--vitro regenerated Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott to Salinity Stress

Soil salinity threat is escalating throughout the globe as it negatively impacts plant growth. The accumulation of sodium ions (Na+), disrupt ion balance and interfere with the acquisition of potassium (K+). The maintenance of a high K+/Na+ ratio is crucial for plant survival under saline conditions. The effects of salinity include osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress caused by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cellular damage such as lipid peroxidation and protein denaturation. To mitigate these effects, plants employ defense mechanisms like antioxidant systems, ion homeostasis, and osmotic adaptation. In this study, the salt tolerance of Colocasia esculenta (Taro), a plant known for its moderate salinity tolerance, was investigated. Using a hydroponic system, a tissue culture-regenerated variety of C. esculenta was exposed to varying levels of salt stress. The study focused on evaluating growth, antioxidant activity, and the expression of stress-specific components and enzymes. These findings aim to deepen understanding the response to salinity of C. esculenta and enhance strategies for its cultivation in saline-prone agricultural regions.