Do ageing, obesity, and comorbidity burden influence the effects of tranexamic acid in rhinoplastic surgeries across genders?

Objective: Clinically, rhinoplastic surgery is used for several physiological and cosmetic purposes.  However, the nasal cavity has a lot of interstitial and vascular tissue, which may cause bleeding and other problems.  Tranexamic acid is often given perioperatively in rhinoplastic operations.  Numerous studies show that the major impacts of different possible factors, including ageing, obesity, and comorbidity load, vary by gender.
Aim: This research examined whether ageing, obesity, and comorbidities substantially impact rhinoplastic surgery results in men receiving tranexamic acid perioperatively.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Prince Hashem bin Abdullah II Military Hospital in Aqaba and Latroun Military Hospital in Amman, Jordan, involving 269 adult patients who underwent rhinoplastic procedures for functionality restoration or cosmetic purposes. The study included patient data, including characteristics, physical measures, comorbidity, and post-procedural consequences. Patients were excluded from the study due to their age, comorbidity, and age-adjusted comorbidity index. Patients were given postoperative instructions, antibiotics, analgesics, and head raising instructions. Post-procedural ecchymosis was graded using Kara et al.'s grading method, with higher scores indicating severity. The study used Pearson correlation and chi-square statistics to estimate the risk or unadjusted odds ratio for binary categorical variables.
Results: A study of 269 individuals who underwent rhinoplasty surgery found no significant differences between genders in age, obesity status, or comorbidity load. The majority of the patients were female, with 143 participants and 46.84% male. The age demographic with the highest attendance was 26-35 years, with 68 men (47.6%) and 49 females (38.9%). Obesity rates were higher in males, with 66 (52.4%) and 70 (49.0%) respectively. The majority of females had AACCI scores of 1, while men achieved the highest AACCI score of 1. The distribution of ecchymosis scores between the two groups was statistically insignificant. TXA therapies significantly affected post-rhinoplasty bruise ratings, but no significant differences were observed between the two gender groups. The study found no significant changes in post-rhinoplasty ecchymosis scores during the first week after surgeries.