Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity by in vitro method on ethanolic extraction of Polianthes tuberosa

Inflammation plays an important role in various diseases with high prevalence within populations such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and asthma. Since ancient times, in various cultures worldwide, Inflammatory disorders and related diseases have been treated with plants or plant-derived formulations. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of the ethanolic extract of Polianthes Tuberosa. The plant material was extracted using the Soxhlet method, and preliminary analysis showed it contains several bioactive compounds, including carboxylic acids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, gums, proteins, and alkaloids. To understand its anti-inflammatory effects, the extract was tested using three in vitro assays: albumin denaturation, proteinase inhibition, and human red blood cell membrane stabilization. The extract demonstrated promising activity in all assays. In the albumin denaturation test, it inhibited protein denaturation by 56% at 500 µg/mL (IC₅₀ = 86.51 µg/mL). Proteinase activity was reduced by 62% at the same concentration (IC₅₀ = 81.35 µg/mL), while HRBC stabilization showed 63% protection of cells with only 36% lysis (IC₅₀ = 274.1 µg/mL). These findings suggest that PT extract may effectively reduce inflammation and offer protective effects, likely due to its rich phytochemical composition. The study is overall findings demonstrate PT promise as a natural treatment for arthritis and inflammation.