Evaluation of antibacterial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. and Citrus lemon against urinary tract infection causing bacteria E. Coli, Enterococcus fecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes collected from various diagnostic laboratories of Khwazakhela,
1 PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan.
2 University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
3 Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
4 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan.
Research Article
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2023, 15(03), 127–138.
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2023.15.3.0347
Publication history:
Received on 27 June 2023; revised on 22 September 2023; accepted on 25 September 2023
Abstract:
E. Coli is one of the major gram-negative pathogens well known causative agent for almost all kind of UTIs, however Enterobacteriaceae such as Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterococci fecalis are responsible for UT infections. The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol and aqueous extract of pomegranate and lemon peels against (23 isolated stains) E. Coli, (16 isolated strains) Enterococcus faecalis and (9 isolated strain) of Enterobactor aerogenes recovered from the urine sample of patientsin Swat KPK-Pakistan. The Agar dilution and well method was applied for the antibacterial activity of pomegranate and lemon peelextracts. All of the three subject isolates were exposed to different concentrations of pomegranate and lemon peel. MIC of aqua extract of pomegranateagainst the subject isolates of E. Coli was 200 µl/mLand ethanol extract was 50 µl/mL. So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. On the other hand MIC of aqua extract lemon peel against the subject isolates of E. coli was100 µl/mL and ethanol extract was 25 µl/mL. So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. MIC of ethanol extract of pomegranate against the isolates of Enterococcus fecalis was found smaller (50 µl/mL) than that of water extract (100 µl/mL). So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. On the other hand. MIC of aqua lemon extract against the subject isolates of Enterococcus fecalis was 100 µl/mL and ethanol extract was 25 µl/mL. Mainly the ethanolic extract of lemon peel was more effective than the ethanolic extract of pomegranate against Enterococcus fecalis isolates.
The MIC of the water and ethanolic extract of pomegranate against Enterobacter aerogenes was found 500 µl/mL and 200 µl/mL respectively. So the ethanol extract of pomegranate was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract. On the other hand MIC of the ethanolic extract of lemon peel was 100 µl/mL, while the water extracts showed inhibition against the Enterobacter aerogenes isolates at the concentration of 250 µl/mL. So the ethanol extract of lemon was found to be more effective as compared to the aqueous extract.For the determination of antibacterial activity of both pomegranate and lemon extracts (in ethanol and water) method as described in Clinical and Laboratory Standard Guidelines (CLSI) was adopted. The subject isolate of E. Coli, Enterococcus fecali, and Enterobacter aerogenes were shown different sensitivities (sensitive >10mm zone inhibition or resistant <10mm zone inhibition t) for ciprofloxacin with a variable zone of inhibition.
Keywords:
E. Coli; Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterococcifecalis; Pomegranate and lemon; Antibacterial activity; Urinary tract infection
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