Exploring the role of lutein in eye health
Department of pharmacy, Vidya Niketan Institute of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Bota, Sangamner, India.
Review
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2024, 20(02), 725–733.
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.20.2.0951
Publication history:
Received on 20 October 2024; revised on 28 November 2024; accepted on 30 November 2024
Abstract:
Lutein, a xanthophyll carotenoid, has gained significant attention for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, particularly in protecting eye health. Derived from dark green leafy vegetables like spinach and kale, lutein is known for its ability to neutralize harmful free radicals and reduce blue light-induced phototoxic damage in the retina. Research has demonstrated that lutein, through dietary intake, accumulates in the macula, a critical part of the retina, where it, along with zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin, forms the macular pigment, essential for visual function. Studies highlight its effectiveness in lowering the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as evidenced in the AREDS2 study, and enhancing macular pigment density. Additionally, lutein’s role in diabetic retinopathy is emerging, with experimental models showing reduced retinal oxidative stress and improved visual outcomes following supplementation. Although epidemiological data on lutein's impact on diabetic retinopathy are limited, initial findings suggest its potential therapeutic benefits. The mechanisms by which lutein exerts these effects include neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), filtering blue light, inhibiting the pro- inflammatory cytokine cascade, and regulating the complement system. Overall, lutein's role in preventing AMD, cataracts, and potentially diabetic retinopathy underscores the importance of adequate dietary intake or supplementation for maintaining optimal eye health.
Keywords:
Lutein; Antioxidant; Age-related macular degeneration (AMD); Carotenoids; Retinal health; Blue light; Diabetic retinopathy; Macular pigment
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