Molecular detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase in gram negative bacteria isolated from intensive care unit patients in Wasit province, Iraq

Intensive care units (ICU) are epicenters for the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Gram negative bacteria and multi-resistant Gram positive infections, largely due to the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. In this study, a total of 100 clinical specimens (urine, sputum and pus) were collected from patients admitted in the ICU. Results showed eighty two were positive growth culture. The findings of the disc diffusion method used to test the isolates for ‎antibiotic susceptibility showed that Amikacin was the most effective ‎antibiotic against klebsiella pneumonia and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phenotypically survey of ESBLs for all isolates were ESBL producers, of these, 13(68.4%) isolates ‎were determined as ESBLs-‎producers following confirmatory testing ‎to be ESBLs producers. Whereas, genotypically no isolate had ESBLs ‎producers CTX-M-type ESBL. The prevalence of TEM, SHV, and ‎OXA-1 were as follow: blaSHV 3(23 %). While blaTEM and blaOXA-‎‎1genes were absent among all isolates. Phenotypically survey of ‎ESBLs, for (20) isolates pseudomonas aeruginosa 20(100%) isolates were ESBLs ‎producers of these, 12(60%) isolates were determined as ESBLs-‎‎producers following confirmatory testing to be ESBLs producers. ‎While genotypically isolates were ESBL producers‏ ‏‎1(8.3%) of the ‎isolates were ESBLs producers CTX-M-type ESBL was the most ‎prevalent CTX-M2 was 1(8.3%) , CTX-M1 and CTXM9 were absent ‎among all isolates. The prevalence of TEM, SHV, and OXA-type1 were ‎as follow: blaSHV 4(33%). While blaTEM and blaOXA-1 genes were absent ‎among all isolates. ‎ Phenotypically survey of ESBLs, for (17) isolates E. coli ‎‎17(100%) isolates were ESBLs producers of these, 10(58.8%) isolates ‎were determined as ESBLs-‎producers following confirmatory testing ‎to be ESBLs producers. Whereas, Genotypically no isolate ESBLs ‎producers CTX-M-type ESBL, prevalence of TEM, SHV, and OXA-1 ‎were as follow: blaSHV 1(10%),blaOXA-1 1(10%) . While blaTEM gene was ‎absent among all isolates.