Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is classified by demyelination, inflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS. Management requires an understanding of the complex interactions between neurophysiological systems, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic methods. The pathogenesis of MS includes, complex series of processes including immunological dysregulation, inflammation and neurodegeneration. Gene predisposition, autoreactive T cells, B cells and cytokines are essential contributors in the development of the disease. Demyelination interferes with the ability of the CNS to transmit signals which can cause a variety of neurological symptoms including motor function, sensory deficiencies and cognitive decline. Neuroimaging, laboratory testing and clinical examination are all necessary for an accurate diagnosis. The aim of MS treatment options is to control symptoms, slow disease progression and enhance quality of life. Recently immunomodulatory therapies life interferon (IFN)-B and Glatiramer Acetate have proved more effective. They reduce the rate and severity of clinical relapses and in case of IFN-B delay the rate of disease progression. In addition, symptomatic therapies and rehabilitation remain mainstay of treatment for the majority of patients with MS.