NOS3 rs1800779 and endothelial dysfunction: Gene diet interactions in cardio metabolic health and personalised nutrition

The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) plays a central role in vascular health by regulating nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, a molecule vital for endothelial function and cardiovascular integrity. Among its polymorphisms, rs1800779 (−922A>G), located in the promoter region, has been linked to altered gene expression and reduced NO bioavailability. This review explores the influence of the rs1800779 variant on endothelial function and its associations with cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that carriers of the G allele (AG or GG genotypes) exhibit diminished NOS3 expression and increased susceptibility to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, insulin resistance, and impaired lung function. The review further examines gene diet interactions involving this polymorphism, highlighting how specific dietary components such as nitrates, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and nutraceuticals may mitigate the negative effects associated with reduced NO synthesis. Personalised dietary strategies based on genotype may offer promising avenues to restore vascular health and reduce chronic disease risk. Integrating nutrigenomic insights into clinical and public health practices holds potential for developing targeted nutritional interventions that support endothelial function and improve long-term health outcomes.