Parotid gland tumors, staging, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: A comparison between two countries

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies on parotid gland tumors are often limited to single institutions, lacking comprehensive statistical analysis. In Albania, the only study on the disease, conducted nine years ago, did not address correlations with risk factors, treatment, or post-surgical rehabilitation. Additionally, no studies compare the management of parotid tumors in different countries, which hinders the evaluation of various approaches.

AIM: This study compares two multicenter experiences regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of parotid gland tumors using consistent statistical data.

METHODS: Data was collected from 2016 to 2023 at five healthcare institutions in Tirana, Albania, and Rome, Italy, including patient demographics, lesion characteristics, histology, and surgical procedures, adhering to European Association of Salivary Glands (ESGS) guidelines.

RESULTS: The study included 100 patients from each country. The average age was 59.2 years for Italians and 63.9 years for Albanians. In Italy, 88% of lesions were benign, while 12% were malignant. In Albania, 63% were benign, and 37% were malignant, with 16% of malignant cases originating from benign tumors (e.g., pleomorphic adenoma). Common benign tumors in both groups were pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumor, while malignant tumors included squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Surgical procedures mainly involved parotidectomy I-II for benign tumors and parotidectomy I-IV for malignant tumors.

CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and awareness of parotid gland tumors in Albania are crucial for improving treatment outcomes and minimizing complications. Efforts should focus on achieving tumor-free excision margins with minimal surgery.