Potential anti-leishmanial remedies from natural sources
1 Department of Biology, College of Education for women, University of AL- Shatrah, Iraq.
2 Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Ayen University, Thi qar, Iraq.
3 Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical and Healthy Techniques, Southern Technique University, Basra, Iraq.
Review
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2024, 19(02), 066–073.
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.19.2.0482
Publication history:
Received on 23 June 2024; revised on 30 July 2024; accepted on 02 August 2024
Abstract:
Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit Leishmania parasites. There are 3 main forms of the disease, visceral (the most serious form because it is almost always fatal without treatment), cutaneous (the most common, usually causing skin ulcers), and mucocutaneous (affecting mouth, nose and throat). The disease affects some of the world’s poorest people and is associated with malnutrition, population displacement, poor housing, a weak immune system and lack of financial resources. An estimated 700 000 to 1 million new cases occur annually. Chemotherapy based on the use of pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, paromomycin, miltefosine and liposomal amphotericin B, is currently the only effective treatment. However, adverse effects, long-term treatment and the emergence of parasite resistance have led to the search for alternative treatments. In this review, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus were searched for medicinal plants with anti lieshmanial activity to encourage identification of the active ingredients, determination of clinical efficacy, investigation of the mode of action and safety.
Keywords:
Medicinal plants; Pharmacology; Antiparasitic; Anti lieshmanial
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