Potentials of Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum ethanol extracts to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from cancer inducement with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
3 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
4 Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, School of Health, BPP University London.
Research Article
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2024, 19(02), 340–350.
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.19.2.0540
Publication history:
Received on 09 July 2024; revised on 17 August 2024; accepted on 20 August 2024
Abstract:
Oxidative stress is the outcome of an imbalance between systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological systems ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates in order to repair the resulting damage. This imbalance causes toxic effects through production of peroxides and free radicals. This study evaluated the potentials of Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum ethanol extracts to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from cancer inducement with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) using female Swiss virgin Albino rats of 7–8 weeks old. The plants were extracted with ethanol and assayed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFk-β) to indicate inflammatory responses; malondialdehyde, superoxide dismuthase, catalase and glutathione as indicators of oxidative stress.. All assays were done using standard methods. Phytocompounds in Zingiber officinale were: alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids while those in Allium sativum were alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and glycosides. The actual lethal doses (LD50) of Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and combination of the two were 8,660, 4,472, and 5,477 mg/kg body weight respectively. Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum ethanol extracts either as mono-therapy or in combination decreased the serum levels of malondialdehyde, and increased superoxide dismuthase, catalase and glutathione. They also decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nuclear factor kappa B significantly (p˂0.05) when compared with control group. These were most remarkable in group 8. In conclusion, Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum ameliorated the oxidative stress and inflammation responses most remarkably when given at the proportion of ZO:AS = 6:4 (318:212 mg/kg body weight).
Keywords:
Allium sativum; Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Combined administration; Oxidative stress; Zingiber officinal
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