Pulsatile drug delivery system: A review

Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems (PDDS) are increasingly recognized for their ability to deliver drugs at specific times, tailored to the pathophysiological needs of a disease. This approach enhances therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. The core concept of PDDS involves a defined lag-time before a rapid drug release, which can be particularly beneficial for treatments requiring synchronization with the body’s natural circadian rhythms. By aligning peak plasma concentrations with these biological cycles, PDDS can improve both the safety and effectiveness of drugs over a 24-hour period.

There are various techniques for achieving pulsatile drug release, including pH-dependent and time-dependent systems. These systems are generally classified into multiple-pulse and single-pulse categories. A common example of a single-pulse system is the rupturable dosage form, which releases the drug in one rapid dose after the lag-time. PDDS offer several advantages, including reduced dosing frequency, minimized side effects, and the potential for targeted drug delivery to specific sites such as the colon.

Several innovative PDDS technologies, including Pulsincap and Diffucaps, have been developed and launched by pharmaceutical companies, further expanding the applications of pulsatile release and improving patient outcomes.