Target identification and validation in research
Department of Pharmacology, Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Anaikuttam, Sivakasi-626130, India.
Review
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2024, 17(03), 107–117
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0116
Publication history:
Received on 25 January 2024; revised on 03 March 2024; accepted on 06 March 2024
Abstract:
Target identification is a critical step in biomedical research because it lays the groundwork for the development of new therapies and drugs. Genetic research, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic sequencing, functional genomics, and data integration, is crucial for understanding disease genetics and potential treatment targets. Transcriptomics and proteomics give data on gene and protein expression, making it easier to identify targets in dysregulated diseases. Target identification is essential for drug discovery, precision medicine, lowering medication attrition, increasing therapeutic efficacy, and, eventually, transforming patient care and drug development. Target validation is a critical stage in drug development because it verifies that revealed molecular targets play a substantial role in disease progression and are therefore suitable for treatment. It employs a range of approaches, including genetic validation, pharmacological validation, and animal model validation. Target validation assures that discovered targets are physiologically relevant, druggable, and have a direct impact on disease processes, thereby reducing pharmaceutical attrition, promoting precision medicine, and hastening therapeutic development. Historically, target identification relied on limited knowledge, typically through candidate-based techniques based on assumptions or prior observations. Target validation experiments looked into how gene knockdown or RNA interference affected illness symptoms. Genomics, proteomics, and functional genomics have all made advances in recent years, as have high-throughput screening and data integration. CRISPR-based technologies and high-throughput sequencing have assisted in the validation of targets. Single-cell validation, machine learning and artificial intelligence, advanced in vitro models like organoids, and patient-derived models will all help to make future assessments of target relevance and treatment responses more precise and individualized. These developments have the potential to dramatically revolutionize research target identification and validation.
Keywords:
CRISPR-Cas9; Biomarkers; Single-Cell Analysis; Organoids; Patient-Derived Models; Integrative Omics Analysis
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