Unveiling the phytochemical tapestry of delonix regia: A comprehensive review of its chemical constituents and phytochemistry

Delonix regia, commonly known as Royal Poinciana, is a widely recognized ornamental tree with significant ethnomedicinal value. Its diverse phytochemical composition includes flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids, which exhibit a range of biological activities. The flowers, rich in quercetin and kaempferol derivatives, demonstrate strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The bark contains alkaloids, such as β-sitosterol, which has shown anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, phenolic compounds like gallic and ellagic acid enhance the plant’s defence mechanisms and oxidative stress responses. Studies have revealed that the seed pods and leaves possess unique phytosterols and tannins that contribute to their hepatoprotective and antimicrobial properties. The ecological role of D. regia adds toits significance, as it supports local biodiversity and helps regulate microclimates. The tree’s bioactive compounds also hold promise for various pharmaceutical applications, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial therapies. Recent investigations into the structure-activity relationships of these compounds have shed light on their molecular mechanisms, suggesting potential for therapeutic development. Future research may focus on elucidating these mechanisms, optimizing extraction methods, and exploring sustainable uses for this remarkable species in medicine and biotechnology. Delonix regia thus represents a compelling subject for further pharmaceutical and ecological studies.