Anti-oxidative stress effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Diaphananthe bidens Leaf in Streptozotocin-Induced Type-2 Diabetic (T2D) Rats

The research examined the anti-oxidative stress properties of the ethyl acetate fraction derived from Diaphananthe bidens leaves in rats with T2D by the analysis of blood glucose levels, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α), and cardiovascular biomarkers. The extracts underwent fractionation, and the total phenolic content was quantified. The rodents were administered a high-fat diet over two weeks, followed by an I.P. injection of 50 mg/kg of nicotinamide before induction with 100 mg/kg of streptozotocin to prevent insulin degradation. Animals exhibiting fasting blood sugar levels exceeding 160 mg/dl were selected and categorized into five groups: uninduced (10mg/kg tween 20) and a control group (100mg/kg metformin). The ethyl acetate was administered orally to groups at dosages of 93, 186, and 372 mg/kg daily over 30 days. The measurement of Fasting Blood Sugar was conducted, and the percentage reduction was documented on the 15th and 30th days. Blood samples were obtained for the assessment of lipid profile, MDA, AOPP, TNF-α, and cardiovascular biomarkers, utilizing established methodologies. The high-fat diet leading to the induction of T2D resulted in a significant(P<0.05) elevation in blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, LDL, oxidized LDL, MDA, AOPP, TNF-α, atherogenic risk index, and atherosclerosis index, while significantly diminishing HDL levels. The administration of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in a notable significant (P<0.05) decreases in the measured parameters and a significant increase in HDL-c levels. The results substantiated the anti-oxidative stress, anti-cholesterolemia and cardioprotective effects of D. bidens.