Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mangifera Indica Leaves

Growing seasons and environmental factors have a major impact on the bio-constituents of medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to determine which metabolites were present and to look into the biological characteristics of Mangifera Indica leaves in the summer and winter seasons. Organic solvent extract (methanol) was used to extract the leaves of M. indica for the summer and winter. The results indicated the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, phytosterol, saponins, steroids, and carbohydrates. The summer and wintertime methanolic leaf extracts were tested for their antibacterial activity against the microorganisms Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Studying zones of inhibition, the summer crude extract showed less antibacterial activity against S. aureus (ATTC 43300) than the control streptomycin. The methanolic extract of the leaves for summer and winter provided the highest recovery yield (27 and 23.3%, respectively). This implies that there are more polar in the leaves of M. indica than non-polar compounds. Phyto-metabolites such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenes, terpenoids (steroids), triterpenes (cardiac glycosides), carbohydrates, proteins, and gums and mucilage were present in the crude hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts.
Utilizing the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, an antioxidant screening was carried out. Compared to winter extracts, the summer leaf extracts demonstrated a higher IC50 capability for radical scavenging. In summary, methanolic extracts shown antibacterial activity and hexane and methanolic extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity.