Comprehensive review on the impact of alginate oligosaccharides (AOs) on human health

Alginate Oligosaccharides (AOs) are bioactive compounds prepared through the enzymatic degradation of alginate polysaccharides by alginate lyase. These Oligosaccharides have become a focus of growing interest in scientific community, largely because of their array of bioactive attributes, which include immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic effects. This review critically examines the current scientific literature on Alginate Oligosaccharides (AOs), encompassing in vitro studies, animal models and preliminary human clinical trials. It also addresses the safety profiles of AOs, focusing on toxicological assessments, to provide a comprehensive view of their risk-to-benefit ratio. Additionally, the review assesses the existing information regarding the impact of Alginate Oligosaccharides (AOs) on human health. It aims to identify the current research gaps and outline potential future directions for their therapeutic application.