The essentials of stem cell-derived secretome in wound healing

As the primary method for encouraging tissue regeneration, stem cells are known to exert paracrine effects. A collection of biocomponents produced by the activated stem cells as the paracrine effect, is called secretomes. It includes the extra-vesicular components and the soluble factors. Secretomes are being used in cell-free stem cell treatments that are currently being developed. The secretome includes cytokines and key growth factors such as VEGF, TGF-β, FGF, PDGF, EGF, bFGF, and HGF; which aid in coordinating cellular communication to stimulate tissue regeneration. Studies have shown the benefits of stem cell-derived secretome applications in the wound healing process. The content of various growth factors in secretomes is known to accelerate wound healing by increasing cellular chemotaxis, and fibroblast contraction, stimulating the proliferation of fibroblast and keratinocyte, and promoting neovascularization through angiogenesis stimulation. Moreover, the secretomes also demonstrated the ability to stimulate the proliferation and migration of skin cells. The use of stem cell-derived secretomes in the future has the potential as an alternative cell-free therapy in various wound healing processes. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of stem cell-derived secretomes for wound healing and how to acquire them. The benefit of secretomes is promising as an alternative cell-free treatment to improve wound healing.