An overview of dermatophytosis and treatment in specific patient population

Dermatophytosis is the most common fungal infection that occupies the epidermal layer and causes infection in various regions of our body. Causative agents that are responsible for causing superficial fungal infections are Microsporum, trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Based on their natural habitat, they are classified into three species. Anthropophilic dermatophytes usually infect humans, and T. rubrum is the most common human-infecting dermatophyte. Zoophilic dermatophytes commonly affect animals. Geophilic dermatophytes live in soil and rarely infect humans and animals. Based on the site of infection, they are classified as Tinea pedis, Tinea unguium, Tinea corporis, Tinea faciei, Tinea manuum, etc. Symptoms may vary depending on the site and type of infection. Inflammation with an erythermatous sign is the most common feature of dermatophytosis. Treatment for elderly patients, children, and pregnant women varies based on the patient's comorbidities, drug characteristics, and immune response. Fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine are the drugs that should be avoided during pregnancy.