A review on mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for autoimmune disorders

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or adult multipotent progenitor cells with the ability to self- renew and differentiate, are extracted from a variety of tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, Wharton’s jelly, tooth pulp, menstrual blood, and others. Since they are multipotent, cultured MSCs can differentiate into the adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages after being isolated. Due to their immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive, and regenerative potentials, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received extensive scrutiny as an efficient tool for cell-based therapy of inflammatory, immune- mediated, and degenerative illnesses. The clinical applications and therapeutic potential of this cell type, the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs, techniques to increase their therapeutic potentials, such as manipulation and preconditioning, and potential/unexpected risks that should be taken into account as a preliminary step before they are put to clinical use. In large part, due to their distinct immunomodulatory capabilities, MSCs have been touted as an ideal choice for the treatment of immune-related illnesses throughout the past few decades. In this review study we are mainly focusing on the MSC based treatments currently being developed for autoimmune diseases, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.