Psychobiotics: Deciphering its role in neuropsychiatry

Psychobiotics, a novel group of probiotics and prebiotics, are a relatively recent discovery, found to modulate central nervous system (CNS)-related functions and behaviors via neuronal, immunological, and metabolic pathways, thus improving not only gastrointestinal (GI) functions, but also suggesting strong antidepressant and anxiolytic potential. Scientists are moving closer to the possibility of treating mental and behavioral illnesses with advanced and cost-effective approaches, targeting dietary modifications in the form of “psychobiotic" supplements consisting of brain-benefiting bacteria, as they uncover more and more about the gut-brain axis. This review examines the relevant scientific work that has been generated so far, analyzing the efficacy of psychobiotic treatment in improving mental health and neuropsychiatric disorders, providing a complete assessment of its potential as an alternative therapy for psychiatric disorders and its future prospects in this domain.