Metformin: An overview
1 Department of Pharmacology, Amepurva Forum’s Nirant Institute of Pharmacy, Boramani Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
2 Department of Pharmacology, Nirant Institute of Pharmacy, Boramani, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
3 Department of Pharmacology, Nirant Institute of Pharmacy, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.
Review
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2024, 18(03), 186–198.
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.18.3.0331
Publication history:
Received on 24 April 2024; revised on 01 June 2024; accepted on 04 June 2024
Abstract:
Metformin is a widely prescribed medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. It belongs to the biguanide class of drugs and is often considered a first-line treatment due to its effectiveness, safety profile, and relatively low cost.The primary mechanism of metformin involves reducing glucose production in the liver while increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, such as muscles and fat cells. This results in better glucose utilization by the body, leading to lower blood sugar levels. Additionally, metformin may also have some modest effects on reducing appetite and promoting weight loss, making it beneficial for overweight or obese individuals with diabetes.Beyondits role in diabetes management, metformin has gained attention for its potential benefits in other health conditions. Some research suggests that it may have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, although further studies are needed to confirm these effects.While metformin is generally well-tolerated, it can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort, particularly when starting treatment or with higher doses. In rare cases, it may also lead to a serious condition called lactic acidosis, especially in individuals with kidney or liver impairment.
Metformin is usually taken orally in tablet form, typically one to three times daily with meals. Dosage may vary depending on individual factors such as kidney function, age, and other medical conditions. It's important for patients to regularly monitor their blood sugar levels and adhere to their prescribed treatment regimen while taking metformin.Overall, metformin remains a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes and continues to be a subject of research for its potential benefits beyond glycemic control.
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus; Metformin; Lactic acidosis; Weight loss; Polycystic ovary syndrome
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