Effects of Moringa oleifera L. Powder Supplementation on the Reproductive Performance of Balinese Bulls

The reproductive performance of bulls can be improved through dietary supplementation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera L. powder supplementation on the reproductive performance of Balinese bulls. The experiment employed a randomized block design with three age groups: Group 1 (G1) bulls aged 3 years, Group 2 (G2) aged 4 years, and Group 3 (G3) older than 4 years. Each group consisted of three bulls fed a basal diet consisting of fresh elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) provided ad libitum and 1 kg/head/day of rice bran concentrate, with treatments consisting of: no Moringa oleifera L. powder supplementation (T0), 50 g supplementation (T1), and 100 g supplementation (T2). Observed variables included sexual behavior parameters (courtship duration, time to flehmen response, libido duration, and ejaculation duration) and fertility indicators, namely conception rate (CR), services per conception (S/C), and non-return rate (NRR). The results showed that Moringa oleifera L. powder supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) affected sexual behavior parameters. However, improvements in fertility indicators were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of Moringa oleifera L. powder in the diet has the potential to enhance reproductive performance of Balinese bulls, particularly by improving sexual behavior responses.