1 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Quito, Faculty of medicine Quito, Ecuador.
2 Medical department, Oasis of the Seas, Royal CaCG, Miami USA.
* Corresponding Author
ORCID Details
Juan Pablo Domínguez Enríquez: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-3335
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2026, 28(01), 026–035
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2026.28.1.0489
Received on 10 August 2026; revised on 29 September 2026; accepted on 01 October 2026
Diagnostic microbiology has evolved from early observational microscopy to advanced molecular, biochemical, and immunodiagnostic methodologies. This article traces the historical evolution and development of microbiological diagnostic techniques. Key methods examined include light microscopy, differential staining (such as Gram and acid-fast stains), solid culture media, colorimetric metabolic profiling (API 20E), and immunodiagnostic serotyping. Finally, we analyze the role of modern genomic tools specifically 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and phylogenetic reconstruction in establishing a definitive microbial taxonomy. Together, these complementary paradigms form the foundation of contemporary clinical diagnosis.
Diagnostic Microbiology, Gram Stain, Acid-Fast Stain, Nugent Score, API 20E, Immunodiagnostics, 16S Rrna Sequencing, Phylogenetics
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Juan Pablo Domínguez Enríquez and Cristian David Cusco Cuzco. THE EVOLUTION AND PARADIGMS OF DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2026, 28(01), 026–035. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2026.28.1.0489