1 Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Disaster Management, Faculty of Science, University of Garoua, P.O. Box 346, Garoua, Cameroon.
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon.
3 Department of Biological Sciences of Living Organisms, Faculty of Science, University of Garoua, P.O. Box 346 , Garoua, Cameroon.
4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
5 Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, , Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon.
6 Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon.
* Corresponding Author: Mbida Hacheked
ORCID Details
Mbida Hacheked : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1787-7621
Aboubakar Sidiki: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9556-1166
Baponwa Odile: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6726-1123
Djelassem Ferdinand: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5517-6333
Samira Ahmadou: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8697-3288
Ashu Azabadji: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-7859
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2026, 28(01), 046–055
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2026.28.1.0495
Received on 31 August 2026; revised on 08 October 2026; accepted on 10 October 2026
Objective: The present study was to analyse the cardiotonic effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia sudanica (Euphorbiaceae) on the contractility of the isolated frog's heart and to determine a likely mechanism of action.
Material and methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia sudanica, then the frog's heart was isolated and perfused with various substances using the Langerdhorff device for measuring the cardiac contractility parameters. Frog ringer was used as a vehicle for administration of the extract and digoxin as well as adrenaline served as the standards. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of reputed cardiotonic compounds such as glycosides and flavonoids.
Results: The results obtained also showed that the aqueous leaf extract of E. sudanica (1 mg / mL) significantly induces positive inotropic (74.07%) and chronotropic (18.29%) effects on the isolated frog’s heart, respectively manifested by increased of force of contraction and heart rate, compared to hearts perfused with normal ringer. However, in the presence of propranolol (β-adrenergic antagonist) and amlodipine (calcium channel blocker), adrenaline and aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia sudanica did not increase heart rate, force of contraction or cardiac output, because those parameters did not differ significantly from control. This led to suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia sudanica might cause increased calcium ion influx as a result of their action on β-adrenergic receptors, at the concentrations used.
Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of E. sudanica showed a strong cardiotonic effect that is likely to be mediated through β-adrenergic receptors. The given biological activity is due to chemical content of this plant extract.
Euphorbia sudanica, Frog heart, Inotropic effect, Chronotropic effect.
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Mbida Hacheked, Aboubakar Sidiki, Baponwa Odile, Djelassem Ferdinand, Samira Ahmadou, Ashu Azabadji and David Emery Tsala. CARDIOTONIC ACTIVITY OF AN AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA SUDANICA (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN AN ISOLATED FROG’S HEART MODEL. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2026, 28(01), 046–055. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2026.28.1.0495