4.0. Performance yield components of sweet corn ( Zea mays Saccharata (Sturt.)) Bailey and weed growth with treatment in different kinds of

https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.5.3.0028 Abstract This study aims to determine the performance yield component of sweet corn and weed density due to different kinds of fertilizer treatments. This study uses a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in factorial patterns with two factors. The first factor is biofertilizer-Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (biofertilizer-AMF) which consists of four levels, namely without biofertilizer-AMF (A0), biofertilizer-AMF 5 g/planting hole (A 1 ), biofertilizer-AMF 10 g/planting hole (A 2 ), biofertilizer-AMF 15 g/planting hole (A 3 ). The second factor is cow manure fermented consisting of three levels, namely without cow manure (B 0 ), cow manure 5 tons ha -1 (B 1 ), cow manure 10 tons ha -1 (B 2 ) with 3 replications so that there are 36 experimental units. The variables observed in this study were: cob length (cm), cob diameter (cm), number of seed rows, cob weight with husk (g), cob weight without husk (g) productivity of sweet corn plants (ton ha -1 ) and kinds of weeds and their absolute density. The results showed that the highest average corn crop productivity was obtained in the treatment without biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure fermented 10 tons ha -1 (A 0 B 2 ) as 8.52 tons ha -1 . If the combination of treatments contained biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure fermented, the highest average productivity of sweet corn was obtained in the treatment of biofertilizer-AMF 5 g/planting hole and cow manure fermented 10 tons ha -1 (A 1 B 2 ) as 7.19 tons ha -1 . The highest weed density from broadleaf is H.capitata (34.167%), from grasses is I.cylindrica (32.432%) and from sedges is Cyperus sp (0.00%), A.sessilis (0.00%), P.debilis (0.00%). There are 6 kinds of weeds species from grasses in the treatment of biofertilizer-AMF 15 g/planting hole and without cow manure (A 3 B 0 ) are: I.cylindrica (32.43%), E.tenella (0.00%), E.indica (0.00%), D.ciliaris (1.80%), E.heteroleppis (0.00%), Digitaria sp (0.00%). The are 3 species from sedges at the combination treatment of biofertilizer-AMF 10 g/planting hole and cow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A 2 B 2 ) are: C.rotundus (5.53%), C.kyllingia (5.11%), Cyperus sp (30.21%). This shows that the application of biofertilizer-AMF and organic fertilizers from cow manure at various doses with the treatment of soil treatment before planting can influence the weed density. The incidence of seed dormancy is caused by an increase in soil temperature after the cleaning of vegetation by mechanical means followed by soil tillage The highest weeds density from broadleaf weeds is H.capitata (34.167%), grasses is I.cylindrica (32.432%) and sedges is Cyperus sp (30.21%). The high density of H.capitata,I.cylindrica and Cyperus sp thought to have something to do with the nature of seeds or weed vegetative development organs that do not experience dormancy. [17], indicates that the kinds of weeds that do not grow are still experiencing dormancy.


Introduction
Sweet corn is one type of plant that is widely cultivated in the tropics and harvested young which has high economic value because the price is quite expensive. According to [1] the advantage of producing sweet corn is a short harvest time and high selling prices. Sweet corn has relatively high nutritional and sugar content, so it is very popular with people both in rural and urban areas. The difference in taste between sweet corn and regular corn lies in the sugar content. [2], satated that sweet taste in sweet corn occurs because carbohydrates in corn kernels contain reducing sugars (glucose and fructose), sucrose, polysaccharides and starch.
The effort to cultivating sweet corn cannot be separated from obstacles which include limited soil fertility and the presence of weeds that grow in the planting area. Nutrient is an important factor that influences plant growth and development. The availability of nutrients in the soil due to intensive crop cultivation has caused the availability of these elements to be reduced, especially macro nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium due to transported yields [2]. Therefore, fertilization is needed to improve soil fertility.
The presence of weeds in the area of cultivated plants can cause competition with plants. The results of the study of [3] showed that competition of weeds with maize caused a decline in yield of 16-62%. The types of weeds that grow in the area of plants are very important to know in order to increase the ability of plants to compete with weeds. The one of method to increase the ability of plants to compete with weeds (competitive ability) is fertilization [4]. Result of research [5] showed that the application of Nitrogen (N) fertilizer with dosages as 200 kg ha -1 can reduce weed density and increase weed dry weight when compared to without the application of nitrogen fertilizer.
The types of fertilizers that can be used are bio-fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The bio-fertilizer commonly used in corn plants is mycorrhiza fungi. [6] stated that the type of biological fertilizer containing solvent phosphate bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi is more suitable for use in acidic soils. The results research [7] show that mycorrhiza fungi application can increase maize production ranging from 7.90 to 8.60 tons ha -1 compared to not using mycorrhiza fungi as 5.50 tons ha -1 . Likewise the research results of [8] showed that the application of mycorrhiza fungi at a dose of 40 g/planting hole gave the best results on the growth and production of sweet corn in dry marginal land. While the use of organic fertilizer at a dose of 22.5 kg/plot gives the best results on the dry weight of corn plants [9] and causes a shift in the dominance of weed species [10]. This shows that the use of manure combined with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi with a certain dose is able to provide a response to the growth and yield of corn plants to the fullest.

Material and methods
This research was conducted in the village of Rambu-Rambu Jaya, District of Ranomeeto Barat, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi in November 2018 to April 2019. Land management and tillage was carried out using a hand tractor in an area of 50 m x 10 m. Then the soil is smoothed and leveled using a hoe. All weeds or vegetation roots that are above the soil surface are collected and removed to facilitate the creation of experimental plots. Each plot was made measuring 3 m x 2 m, drainage width between groups of 50 cm and width of drainage between plots in groups of 25 cm.
Application of cow manure fermented is carried out one week before planting corn by spreading the soil surface bag. To speed up the process of dissolving fertilizer into the soil, mixing is done with the soil using a hoe. The application of mycorrhiza fungi is carried out at the same time as planting sweet corn. The location of mycorrhiza fungi is under the seeds of sweet corn. Sweet corn is planted using hoe with a depth of ±10 cm, spacing as 40 cm x 70 cm.
The variables observed in this study were: cob length (cm), cob diameter (cm), number of seed rows, cob weight with husk (g), cob weight without husk (g) productivity of sweet corn plants (ton ha -1 ) and kinds of weeds and their absolute density at 28 day after planting (DAP). According to [11], to calculate the density of weeds used a formula: Absolute weed density = number of individual species in the treatment plot. weed density, is the percentage of weed density growing from each different species in each sample plot, by comparing the number of individual species divided by the total number of all individual species in each sample plot times one hundred percent. Data on components of maize yields were analyzed according to the design of the study, if significant and very significant effect was followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 95% confidence level, whereas the weeds data were tabulated simply.   (1) showed that biofertilizer-AMF had no significant effect on all observations variable, except that it had a very significant effect on cob diameter. Cow manure has no significant effect on all observations variable, except it has a significant effect on the weight of the cobs without husk and productivity. The interaction between biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure had a very significant effect on the weight of cob with husk, the weight of cob without husk and productivity with had a significant effect on the cob diameter, but had no significant effect on the cob length and number of seed rows.

Yield components
The interaction of biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure has a significant effect on cob diameter, cob weight with husk (g) and cob weight without husk (Table 2).
Table (2) showed that the highest average of cob diameter was found in combination treatment of biofertilizer-AMF 10 g/planting holeand without cow manure (A2B0) as 4.44 cm which it was not significantly different from with other treatments. If the treatment combination is biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure, then the best average of cob diameter in the biofertilizer-AMF 10 g/planting hole and cow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A2B2) as 4.30 cm. The average cob weight with husk and without husk highest were obtained in combination treatment of without biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure 3 ton ha -1 (A0B1) respectively 336.67 g and 238.67 g, which were significantly different from the without biofertilizer-AMF and without cow manure (A0B0) with without biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A0B2).

Productivity
Table (3) shows that the highest average productivity of sweet corn obtained at combination treatment of without biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A0B2) as 8.52 tons ha -1 which was significantly different from with the combination treatment without biofertilizer-AMF and without cow manure (A0B0), without cow manure and cow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A0B2). If the combination of treatments contained biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure, the highest average productivity of sweet corn was obtained in the biofertilizer-AMF 5 g/planting hole andcow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A1B2) as 7.19 tons ha -1 .

Variance analysis for yields components:
The results showed that biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure were able to support the production component of sweet corn plants (Table 1). The interaction between biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure has a very significant effect on the cob length, cob diameter, number of seed rows, cob weight with husk, cob weight without husk and productivity. This shows that biofertilizer-AMF and organic fertilizer from cow manure can improve the yield component of sweet corn plants. The results research [9] showed that the combination of mycorrhiza fungi and organic fertilizer can improve the components of maize production in marginal dry land.

Yield components
The results showed that the highest average cob diameter was found in combination treatment of biofertilizer-AMF 10 g/planting holeand without cow manure (A2B0) as 4.44 cm which it was not significantly different from with other treatments. The highest weighted and non-bound ear cobs were obtained in the combination treatment of without biofertilizer-AMF andcow manure 3 tons ha -1 (A0B1) respectively336.67 g and 238.67 g, which were significantly different from with without biofertilizer-AMF and without cow manure (A0B0) with without biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A0B2) ( Table 2). This shows that mycorrhiza fungi greatly affect to cob diameter even though organic fertilizer is not given. [12], states that the role of mycorrhiza fungi for host plants is to enlarge the area of root hair uptake through the formation of mycelium around the roots. Meanwhile, if no mycorrhiza fungi are given, the application of organic fertilizer can affect the cob weight with husk and cob weight without husk. The result research [13], cow manure fertilizer contains a number of nutrients or organic matter that can improve the physical properties of the soil that affect the components of plant growth and yield.

Productivity
The highest average corn crop productivity was obtained at combination treatment of without biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A0B2) as 8.52 tons ha -1 which was significantly different from with combination treatment combination treatment without biofertilizer-AMF and without cow manure (A0B0), without cow manure and cow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A0B2) ( Table 3). Interaction occurs because of the influence of the two treatments so that mycorrhiza fungi can associate with plant roots and develop in them in order to obtain nutrients to the host plant in the form of P nutrients so that it can expand the reach of plant roots and can take nutrients in the soil. [14] stated that the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi without fertilization was not effective against corn plants on marginal dry land. To be effective, high manure must be applied with a dose of arbuscular mycorrhiza to increase plant growth and production. [15] said that the increase in ear production was thought to be related to the P element that contributed to generative growth, especially the formation of cob. [16] suggested that the P element plays an important role in the process of energy transfer and photosynthesis.

Weed density
Weed observations at 28 day after planting (DAP) were found in combination treatment of without biofertilizer-AMF andcow manure 3 tons ha -1 (A0B1) as 26 species consisting of 17 from broadleaf with different density levels, namely:B.alata ). This shows that the application of biofertilizer-AMF and organic fertilizers from cow manure at various doses with the treatment of soil treatment before planting can influence the weed density. The incidence of seed dormancy is caused by an increase in soil temperature after the cleaning of vegetation by mechanical means followed by soil tillage [17]. The highest weeds density from broadleaf weeds isH.capitata (34.167%), grasses is I.cylindrica (32.432%) and sedges is Cyperus sp (30.21%). The high density of H.capitata,I.cylindrica and Cyperus sp thought to have something to do with the nature of seeds or weed vegetative development organs that do not experience dormancy. [17], indicates that the kinds of weeds that do not grow are still experiencing dormancy.

Conclusion
Based on the results and discussion it can be concluded as follows: the highest average productivity of corn plants obtained at combination treatment of without biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A0B2) as 8.52 tons ha -1 , if the combination of treatments contained biofertilizer-AMF and cow manure, the highest average sweet corn productivity was obtained in the biofertilizer-AMF 5 g/planting hole andcow manure 6 ton ha -1 (A1B2) as 7.19 tons ha -1 . The highest weed density from broadleaf is H.capitata as 34.167%, grasses is I.cylindrica as 32.432% and sedges is Cyperus sp as 30. 21%.