Biological Control of Aphid by using Beetle ( Coccinella septempunctata )

Development and reproductive potential of the 𝘊𝘰𝘤𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘢 𝘴𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘦𝘮𝘱𝘶𝘯𝘤𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘢 L CSL was conducted under normal conditions to determine its fecundity and longevity on natural diet. Tests were made on normal temperature rearing materials and all development stages were carefully recorded. Diet quality is related to egg production, so CSL fertility is affected by diet type. CSL consumed highly significant (𝘙𝘩𝘰𝘱𝘢𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘱𝘩𝘶𝘮 𝘮𝘢𝘪𝘥𝘪𝘴) approximately 28 aphids per day as compared to other treatments. The insect has the largest Oviposition, feeding on the 1st and 2nd instar of 𝘔𝘢𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘱𝘩𝘶𝘮 𝘳𝘰𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘦. Biological control (BC) of seven-spotted ladybirds emphasizes evaluating specific livestock for maximum efficiency, understanding agriculture in a new environment, and evaluating social interactions.


Introduction
The aphidophagous ladybird beetle   is one of the potential predators of the mustard aphid.These beetles are natural predators of many agricultural pests, particularly aphids, and are therefore used as a biological control agent in many farming systems.Lady bird beetle antennae are short, shorter than the front legs and are thicker at the ends than the middle and their larvae are very active and have rather rough looking bodies that are longer than the adults [6].There are four development stages of ladybug beetle go through are embryonic, larval, pupal and adult stages [3].Development and reproductive potential of the   L [1,2] (CSL) was conducted under normal conditions to determine its fecundity and longevity on natural diet (2).Tests were made on normal temperature rearing materials and all development stages were carefully recorded [2].Diet quality is related to egg production, so CSL fertility is affected by diet type.CSL consumed highly significant ( ) approximately 28 aphids per day as compared to other treatments.Biological control of seven-spotted ladybirds emphasizes evaluating specific livestock for maximum efficiency [2], understanding agriculture in a new environment, and evaluating social interactions.
Lady Bird Beetles, commonly known as Ladybugs, are a vital part of the ecosystem, particularly in the context of agriculture.The ladybird beetles. , is an important predator of soft-bodied insect [10].So, it is defined as reduction of pest population by natural enemies [5].Predatory ladybugs (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are important enemies of many pests in crops worldwide.[11].The presence of Lady Bird Beetles can also serve as an indicator of ecosystem health.Both adults and larvae are predators and a single ladybug can consume perhaps as many as Health 3,000 or more aphids in its lifetime and may also feed on scale insects, mites and mealybugs [9].By reducing pest populations, Ladybugs help to increase crop yields and quality.And its major component of food material is protein.Naturally, they fed upon aphid, thrips, spider mites and various soft body insect and their eggs [10].

Materials and methods
The present study was conducted at normal temperature.During the experiment, Adults collected (CSL) were initially raised at room temperature and subsequently reconstructed and examined at each developmental stage.Three aphid prey species  ,   and Rhopalosiphum maidis were also reared within cages for feeding of  .We used transparent box, cotton ball, Thermometer and natural diet for rearing.T1  , T2 1 st and 2 nd in stars of  , T3  .Beetle was collected from the college campus and for the experiment there are three diets were collected for the checking of the longevity of the beetle.One is natural diet.In natural diet there are three components are used viz.  First and second instar of   and  .  were collected for the college campus.That is also called cabbage aphid.[1,2].The length of   is about 1.9 to 8 mm.    1 and 2).
It was noted, the large no. of natural diet is consumed by the beetle is  .Increasing order of natural diet consumed by the   is:  <1 st and 2 nd instar of  < .
The effect of temperature and humidity on rearing of ladybird beetles in the laboratory was also observed.We found that optimal rearing conditions for ladybird beetles generally involve temperatures ranging between 20°C to 25°C [4] and relative humidity levels between 60% to 70%.These conditions promote healthy development, feeding activity, and reproduction in ladybird beetles.The nutritional requirements are very important for development of different stages of ladybird beetles.The protein-rich diets significantly enhance the growth and development of ladybird beetle larvae, leading to larger adult body size and higher species fecundity.  was efficient in predation and its biological performance was the best compared to the other tested coccinellid species [8].

Conclusion
Ladybugs predators of aphids and other plant-damaging pests.A single ladybug can consume hundreds of aphids during its lifetime.By preying on these pests, ladybugs help control their populations, reducing the need for chemical pesticides in agriculture.Ladybugs are often used as part of integrated pest management strategies in agriculture.By releasing ladybugs into crop fields, farmers can reduce the need for chemical pesticides while maintaining effective pest control.

Compliance with ethical standards
First and second instar of   were collected form I. T. College in the month of February.It is also called rose aphid.  were also collected from the I.T. college.It's is very destructive by nature.It is commonly called corn leaf aphid.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
Figure 1 Matting occur between female ladybug beetle and male ladybug beetle

3. Result and discussion 3.1. No. of eggs are produced by the Coccinella septempunctata after consuming Brevicoryne brassicae
The pair of ladybird beetle has consumed 5   the female beetle is produced 9 eggs in the first box.The pair of beetles have consumed 5   then female beetle produced 10 eggs in 2nd box.The pair of beetles have consumed 6   then female beetle produced 8 eggs in the 3 rd box.The pair of beetles have consumed 7 then female beetle produced 7 eggs in the 4 th box.The pair of beetles have consumed 8   then female beetle produced 8 eggs in the 5 th box (Table1 and 2).

. No. of eggs are produced by Coccinella septempunctata after consuming 1 st and 2 nd instar of Macrosiphum rosae
The pair of ladybird beetles have consumed 20 (1 st and 2 nd instar of  ) then female beetles produced ±15eggs in the 1 st box.The beetles have consumed 20 (1 st and 2 nd instar of  ) then female is produced 15 eggs in the 2 nd box.The pair of beetles have consumed 23 (1 st and 2 nd instar of  ), female beetle produced 16 eggs in the 3 rd box.The pair of beetles have consumed 21 (1 st and 2 nd instar of  ), female beetle is produced 17 eggs in the 4 th box.The pair of beetles have consumed 25 (1 st and 2 nd instar of  ) then female beetle is produced 17 eggs in the 5 th box (Table1 and 2).

. No. of eggs are produced by Coccinella septempunctata after consuming Rhopalosiphum maidis
The pair of beetles have consumed 22  , female beetle is produced 17eggs 1 st box.The pair of beetles have consumed 30  , female beetle produced eggs 20 in 2 nd box.The pair of beetles have consumed 31  , female is produced 17 eggs in 3 rd box.The pair of beetles have consumed 31  , female beetle is produced 17 eggs in 4 th box.The pair of beetles have consumed 32   then female beetle produced about 18 eggs in 5 th box (Table

Table 1
No. of Natural diet ( ) consumed by

Table 2
No. of eggs are produced by Coccinella septempunctata on different natural diet